Short Notes

The classification of chromosomes is based on the centromere position, which falls into four types; 1-     Metacentric 2-     Sub-metacentric 3-     Acrocentric 4-     Telocentric.

An organized DNA structure and protein found in cells. A piece of coiled DNA with many genes in it, along with other nucleotide sequences and regulatory elements is called a chromosome. DNA-bound proteins that package the DNA and control the functions are also contained by chromosomes.

Sex determination is a process that determines the sex of the developing embryo. An additional unpaired chromosome was observed in the male during a study on grasshoppers. ‘X-body,’ that is what the additional chromosome is called. It is so associated with sex determination that it is known as sex chromosome. The other sex chromosome can […]

According to Mendel, there is a pair of factors for the regulation of every character in an organism. Concept of chromosomes and DNA has not been discovered during Mendel’s time. That a gene is a part of chromosome was later proven by T. Boveri and W.S. Sutton. Therefore, heredity from parental generation to offspring is […]

Heredity is transmission of traits from parents to their offsprings. The heredity information is carried by zygote or fertilized egg, which develops only into certain type of offspring. Therefore, only sparrows are hatched from eggs laid by sparrow, and only puppies born by a dog.

A big cluster of space where stars are found is called galaxy. 1011 galaxy are spread in the universe, each of it contains about 1011 stars. So, it total, there are about 1022 stars in the universe. Generally, galaxies are shaped either spiral or elliptical. Spiral galaxies are more in number than elliptical galaxies. However, […]

‘Cloud of Urt’ is a cluster of so many celestial objects further than Pluto in our solar system. Revolving around sun in an orbit of ellipse, these objects are then called Comets, which are formed from icy rocks and dust.

What we call a meteor is a space substance that comes into the earth’s atmosphere. When entering the atmosphere, it gets burn because of friction. From earth, we see it like a light streak in the sky. Therefore, though it is not actually a star, people also call it ‘shooting stars’.

Seemingly, not all celestial rocks succeed to form planets during the establishment of the our huge solar system. Some of them, with irregular shapes, just revolve around sun. They are what we call asteroids. These rocks contain silicon, chromium, calcium, and nickel. Some of those also contain gold and platinum.

Milky Way is the galaxy where the solar system is located. It looks like a milky belt that stretches from North towards the South at night once the sky is very clear.  Once viewed on top it comes in spiral shape. However, once it is observed from the side, it is has bulging at the […]